Producing of weed map for irrigated wheat fields of Iran using Geographic Information System (GIS)

Weed identification of irrigated wheat fields in all region of Iran is the most important operation for weed management. Based on frequency of wheat fields area in each county 2500 irrigated wheat fields in all region of Iran were selected and with using a unique method the weed species were sampled and detected. With using specific formula the density، frequency، uniformity and mean density of each weed species was calculated. Geographic coordinates of fields (Latitude، Altitude and Elevation) were determined by using GPS. These information were the main coverage and were entered to a data bank. After the correcting of the information with using Arc/GIS software، and finally the weed map of irrigated wheat fields weeds were produced. There are 400 weed species that belong to 44 family in irrigated wheat fields of Iran. 74 percent of these species belong to 7 families. Polygonum aviculare Sinapis arvensis Cardaria draba، Galium tricornatum، Acroptilon repense and Descurainia sophia are the most important broad leaved weed species respectively. Avena ludoviciana،Phalaris minor، Secale cereale، Lolium rigidum، Avena fatua and Hordeum spontaneum are the most important grass weed species respectively. In addition Convolvulus arvensis، Alhagi pesudalhagi، Cirsium arvense، Carthamus oxycanthus and Glycyrrhiza glabra are the most important disturbing plants prior harvesting in irrigated wheat fields of Iran. The management of weeds in irrigated of wheat fields is not satisfy but in relative comparison the management of broad leaved weeds is better than grass weeds and the management of disturbing plants prior harvesting is in the lowest level.