Survey and Study of role of Women and Khatuns in Mongol Era, based on Historical and Archaeological Evidence

From the cultural point of view، one of the important criteria for assessing a community is the amount of attention that is paid to women and their presence in social domains. At different periods of human life، the importance of the role of women alongside men has been neglected. according to archaeological evidence، except Neolithic and chalcolithic periods that subsistence were based on husbandry and agriculture، and women had equal life by the side of men، this process has been changed with dominance of men at other historical periods. By arrival of Islam to Iran، equality didn’t occur in different groups of community. The process continued in earlier Islamic centuries، when in medieval centuries with Mongol arrival former circumstances somewhat changed and women alongside men could contribute to different activities of community. In fact، the Mongol era is the only period that equality between women and men could be observed clearly; reasons of this phenomenon have been investigated at specific social conditions in that time. This topic concerns the necessity of studying the status of women in that time. So the aim of this research is surveying the reasons of widespread role of women in the mentioned period in terms of historical and archaeological evidence. Applied method for this research is based on library studies، historical texts and archaeological data.