Reasons of Ijtihad in the Era of Prophecy

The Islamic Ijtihad is the guidance of perfection and true happiness of humanity in thest century and today’s world and it has the capacity to save the world and make it a better place. In order to prove this fact, a definition of the Ijtihad has been given followed by a rational reason as well as a narration to show the existence of Ijtihad in the era of prophecy.The different political situations of Mecca and Medina and the features of laws that were based on sharia and they prepared the ground for Ijtihad and judgment in the city of Medina have been said in the rational reason. At the narration and its expressions and aspects, the order of Ijtihad in the Holy Quran has been reviewed by the interpretation of the “Nafar” verse and it has been proven. Also the teachings of the holy prophet of Allah (S.A.W) for formation of Ijtihad in the era of prophecy has been reviewed such as: introducing valid sources for derivation by the holy prophet (s.a.w), question of Khasamiyah and the answer of the holy prophet (s.a.w), prophetic hadith of Allah’s that says mercy be on Mujtahids, the rewards of Mosib Mujtahid and the Mokhti Mujtahid, concept of prophetic hadiths of forbidding judgment without having the proper knowledge, education of the holy prophet (s.a.w) regards to the value of Jurisprudence and jurists and Mujtaheds and his order on the necessity of comparing the hadith with the holy Quran.The comments of contemporary thinkers about the occurrence of Ijtihad among the companions of the holy prophet (s.a.w) has been stated at the beginning of this plan while at the middle of it, some examples of the acts of Ijtihad in the era of prophecy has been stated and at the end it, jurists and companions who were famous to make judgments in the beginning of Islam have been identified. Some examples of their judgments and orders have been gathered by sources of Shia and Sunni’s and their most important works have been cited.