Physics Scientists in Iran from the Antiquity to the End of Ghajar Era

Aim of research evaluating Iranian physics s cientists is to find all the foot prints of this science in our past history. The physical sciences from the past, especially in ancient Iran is limited to few subjects such as: Astrology and astronomy, chronology, science of measurements, optics, mechanics, and physics of sound; and fundamental ideas such as matter, movement, space and time. The presence of about one hundred physics and astronomy scientists is indicative of the extent of scientific activities in our country in this era. Having an account of the biography of these scientists is important, and surely an inspiration to generations to come. Due to freedom and security in cities in Iran and encouragement of Iranian rulers for scientific and research discussions in the end of tenth century and the beginning of eleventh century, first rated scientists emerged. After the tenth century when non-Iranian rulers were in power, freedom in dialogue, discussions and debates were prohibited, and scientists and philosophers were under immense pressure. During Safavieh hard religious rulings, many scientists were forced to immigrate to India and the Ottoman Empire. As a result, scientific activities in the country were dimished. The founding of Darol’fonoon in 1851 is a point of reference in the science history of our country. Presence of the first physics teacher and publication of the first physics book was in Darol’fonoon. Sending off students to Europe and observing the scientific advances after renaissance, awakening of Iranians, founding modern schools, and publication of scientific books, and finnally, establishment of universities are all derivatives of Darol’fonoon. History has shown that whenever security, freedom and prosperity has prevailed in Iran and able rulers have ruled the country, inclination towards science, literature, and the urge to understand the Universe and nature have always been enoremous and hence the result of research and teachings been eye-caching.