Ventilation; Masterpiece of the classic architecture engineering of Iran in desert margin with the analysis of the architecture typology of ventilation in south khorasan

Ventilations as one the important elements in the architecture of historical buildings of desert regions are among the masterpiece of the classic architecture of Iran which are as a natural and static cooling system that provides air conditioning with energy restoration of wind. The classic architecture of Iran with the knowledge of the fundamental principles like Thermodynamic (warms force), Aerodynamic (moving and transferring of air), transmission of the air, resistance of the construction materials and temperature welfare of individuals in structuring and designing of ventilation developed a construction that without any doubt counted as one of the masterpiece of the classic architecture engineering. This important and efficient construction during the centuries in salt deserts regions of Iran without using the electric energy, provided natural and cool air conditioning for residential and vesicles. With respect to the importance of ventilation constriction in classic architecture of desert regions specifically in the counties of southern khorasan which unfortunately less classic architectural studies and researches have been implemented, the authors of this paper in addition of representing the characteristics of the ventilations of historical textures of some regions like Birjand, Khusf and Khur with field based researches attempt to engage themselves with inspecting and recognition of the physical body of these ventilations from architectural studies and physical anatomy recognition of them and the effects of their constructions in their performance. The result of this study indicates that the ventilations of this desert districts of Iran in spite of the common features with the other desert, hot and dry regions of Iran, contain the special formal features which the important ones of them are the on-way or four-way ventilations and the reason of choosing this kinds of ventilations in southern Kjorasan relates to the ecological conditions and the direction of the wind blowing.