Preeclampsia in a Cellular and Molecular View

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy، which complicates 3-5% of pregnancies. It is a major cause of maternal and neonatal mortality worldwide. Despite decades of research، the etiology of preeclampsia has remained unknown and undetectable prior to the onset of symptoms. The current review article discusses different aspects of preeclampsia in order to delineate the pathophysiology of the disease. This study has reviewed 96 publications explaining the various characteristics of preeclampsia including etiology، genetics، proteomics and metabolomics، using EBSCO، OVID، PubMed، Elsevier and NCBI databases. Based on the published studies، endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the major problems in preeclampsia. Related genes and biomarkers are reported which may improve the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Proteomics and metabolomics have provided new insights into better understanding of the etiology and management of the disease. Preeclampsia is a complicated and multifactorial disease which needs to be evaluated in different aspects. This review article introduces novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.