The Structure and Manner of Islamic Architecture of Bukhara and Samarghand

Transoxania, as one of the ancient, Islamic lands conquered in the first century AH, was one of the important Islamic cultures and civilizations, which are more significant than the two other centers in Bukhara and Samarghand. The Islamic governments ruling over that zone, each of whom was trying to build mosques there, so that the original and beautiful Islamic arts in architecture and decoration should be shown in this manner, as the manifestations of fine Islamic arts there.But few constructions have survived because of the destructive Mongule's attacks and invasions. Those remained buildings, from the governmental periods before the 7th century AH., Include those of Samarghand and Bukhara.In the 8th century AH., and after the Taimor's rule, he and his successors made great attempts to develop their government kingdom in Transoxania, especially in their capital cities such as Samarghand and Bukhara, from whom many mosques such as Bibi Khanum and Toman Agha Mosque at the Shahaendeh Complex, have survived.After the 9th century AH until the late 12th century and the early 13th c,LH., the local governments, even though weak, were able to construct mosques in those two cities such as the Four-minaret Mosque in Bukhara and the Gold-work Mosque in Samarghand. But no new mosques were built in those two cities when the Tezar Russia invaded and occupied there in the I4th/20th c.The effects of Iranian architecture, employed by Iranian architects, from the cities of Iran, i.e., from Tabriz and Isfahan, are observed in many of the mosques in that area.