English Abstracts of Essays Challenge of Fixity and Universality of Commandments With Emphasis on Imam Khomeini's Viewpoints

The nature of relationship between fixity of commandments and their universality and trans-temporality is among serious concerns. The passage of time creates some changes. Hence, there are different viewpoints about the principle of change and the way of its impacts. The present paper is an attempt to formulate these viewpoints and answers. The important viewpoints about change are: 1) change is totally effective; 2) change is manageable through flexible definition of secondary commandments; 3) detailed explanation in a specific manner; 4) Imam Khomeini’s viewpoints. The viewpoints of Imam Khomeini have been discussed in details, showing his approach to jurisprudential management of changes and developments within the context of time and space on the basis of individual inference.