A Comparative Analysis of Cohesive Devices in the Ghazals of Hafez and Sa'di and its Influence on Cohesion of the text

The issue of the ghazals of Hafez has been considered by many scholars from many years ago and this issue has lead to disagreements among researchers. On the other hand, researchers are sure that Sa'di's ghazal is more coherent than Hafez's but the important point is to understand why Hafez's ghazal has weak cohesion and or even sometimes it is incoherent. Also, it is significant to understand why Sa'di's ghazal sounds coherent. Halliday and Hasan introduce the scientific and linguistic theory that is able to answer these questions. By utilizing this theory (1985) the cohesive devices of Hafez's ghazal and also Sa'di's ghazal- with the same rhythm, rhyme and subject- have been compared in order to show differences of these ghazals from this view point. Meanwhile, the frequency and the percentage of these devices have been compared. The findings show that the reason for these disagreements about cohesion in the ghazals of Hafez and Sa'di is due to the kind of cohesive devices used in the text which has been pointed out in this essay.