Determination of Stable Riprap Diameter Around Cylindrical Bridge Pier in the River Bends

Local scour around piers is the major cause of their foundation failure in the river bends that endangers the stability of the structure and its efficiency. Riprap is commonly placed around the bridges piers for local scour protection. The aim of this study was to present an equation for estimating stable riprap diameter around a cylindrical bridge pier in river bends. In this study، using an experimental model with a 180 degree bend stability، four different riprap diameters under different flow conditions and clear water flow were studied. Empirical relationships based on dimensional analysis for stable riprap design around the bridge foundation was presented. The experimental results were compared with equations provided by other researchers، including Lauchlan (1999)، Parola (1995) and Chiew (1995). Results showed that the presented equation in this paper has a good precision. The simple equation presented in this study included all factors important to the instability of the riprap، and recommends designing ripraps around the bridge pier in river bends.