Development and psychometric evaluation of chronic pain acceptance instrument in the elderly

Aim and With respect to importance of chronic pain acceptance assessment in the elderly, accessing to a presice instrument for chronic pain acceptance assessment is essential. Hence, the current study aimed to development and psychometric evaluation of chronic pain acceptance instrument in the elderly. This study is a mixed method research, which implemented in three stages for development and psychometric evaluation of an instrument for chronic pain acceptance assessment in older people. The grounded theory approach was applied for chronic pain acceptance concept exploration in the first stage based on 30 elderly people with chronic pain, 3 relatives and 29 health care providers viewpoints participated with purposive and theoretical sampling methods. At the second stage, instrument sentences were extracted and developed by qualitative part results and review of the valid and related litherature respectively. Methodological approach was applied for psychometric evaluation of that in the third stage based on face, content, and constructs validities, internal consistency and stability reliabilities. Chronic pain acceptance concept was explored at the first stage. Based on participants viewpoints in the qualitative part of study, pain acceptance was means that pain beliving, pain related limitations and disabilitites beliefs which could helps one in pain controlling attempts.Elementary instrument with 38 sentencess was developed at the second stage. During the third phase of the study, face and content validities as quality and quantity methods (Content validity ratio average = 0/94, and content validity index average= 0/92) were performed respectively. More over, construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis, and instrument sentences were decreased to 7 item, in which two factors were obtained, as in the first factor (awareness of pain) including two items and in the second factor (trying to decrease pain) with 5 items, situated respectively. Finaly, internal consistency (α =0/83) and stability reliability by test-retest (0/85) were determined for reliability evaluation. With respect to precise development process and suitable validity and reliability of chronic pain acceptance assessment instrument, its application for pain acceptance assessment and effective pain management in the elderly purposes for health care providers team and researchers.