The Suffix " -āk " in Dialect of Birjand and its Past Record in Middle Farsi

The inspection of South Khorasan dialects shows that from one hand the components of middle Farsi can be found in it and from the other hand the components from east languages comes upon which entered in this dialect from a long time ago and partly are prevalent in official Farsi too. One of the methods to investigate the original and loan components in dialects is the historical pursue of suffixes. Because the suffixes are among the components that rarely can be accepted in language. One of the important Iranian suffixes is the suffix “-āk” in word like, “pichak”, “Borrak” and “Parrak” which were prevalent in Birjand’s old dialect. This suffix in dialect of Birjand has hold two different roots. In words like “Pichak” with the meaning of abdomen crimp, the suffix “-āk “which is lag behind from the suffix infinitive –āk of Sa’di. This suffix in words “Khorak” and “Pooshak” and “Soozak” is still prevalent in official Farsi. Today in Birjand’s dialect the infinitive “-āk “is superseded by the suffix “-esh” and has been dealt with it like the other action infinitives in Farsi. As a result this word has been come out in the form of “Pichesh/Pecesh” (pečeš). But from the other hand, the subjective suffix –āk has been current in words like “parak” in the dialect of Birjand from the far past. The subjective suffix –āk is detained from the –āk of middle Farsi and the –āg of Parti. Also today this suffix is being used in the same form like in the dialect of Birjand. But in standard Farsi and the majority of the other Iranian dialects, this suffix has been changed to the form of “–ā” by the omission of final “K”.