The Grounds and Obstacles of Holding Hajj on the Part of Iran and Ottoman in Safavid Era

Religion along with its principles is considered the origin of numerous significant developments in the Islamic society. One of the important worships in Islam is hajj injunction with the purpose of the unity of God as well as the unanimity of Muslims and it is of vast social consequences. In Safavid era, Mecca land was under the domination of Sunnite ottomans, and per annum Shiite Iranians should have crossed the Ottoman territory to hold hajj. In this period, the dispute between Safavid and Ottoman governments had changed hajj into a disagreement scene among Shiite and Sunnite. Due to the political, religious, cultural, security, and economic issues present among Safavid and Ottoman governments, the Muslims encountered difficulties for hajj fulfillment and occasionally hajj was limited or prohibited by the governments. The present article is to study the way of holding hajj relying on the Ottoman and Iran relationships and it answers to this question whether the disagreement between these two governments has been of any effect on hajj issue or the hajj injunction has been fulfilled regardless of religious political disputes.