Isolation Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter from Blood Specimens in Patients Hospitalized in Emam Khomeini Hospital (Kermanshah)

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The rates of antibiotic resistance among pathogens causing health care-associated infections are increasing, principally among Gram-negative organisms such as Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter. The goal of this study was isolation Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. from blood specimens in patients hospitalized in Emam Khomeini hospital (Kermanshah) and subsequently determination susceptibility patterns of isolates. In this cross-sectional study 2382 blood samples collected from 2285 hospitalized patients. Blood specimens were inoculated in blood culture tubes media, and subsequently subculture performed on common microbiological media. The isolated Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter were identified and confirmed by morphological and biochemical laboratory tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed by using the standard disc diffusion method according to CLSI (2012) recommendations. During present study 2382 blood samples were collected. 133 (5.6%) specimens were positive in bacterial culture. Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas were isolated from 15 (11.2%) and 15 (11.2%) of positive blood cultures, respectively. The isolated Acinetobacter were most frequent resistant to cefixime (86.7%), ceftazidime (80.1%), cephalothin (73.4%), and co-trimoxazole (73.4%). The Pseudomonas isolates showed a high level of resistance to co-trimoxazole (86.7%), cefixime (86.7%), ceftriaxone (73.4%), cephalothin (73.4%), and ceftazidime (60%). In this research, drug-resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were identified in patient’s blood cultures. In the face of increasing antibiotic resistance, surveillance programs have become important in determination the species distribution and resistance patterns of pathogens causing bloodstream infection, and thus are providing the basis for appropriate empirical therapy of patients.