A New Viewpoint to Details Presentation in the Holy Quran based on Functional Linguistics

To date، a multitude of linguistic studies into the Quran، mainly in the fields of semantics and text analysis (discourse analysis) has been conducted. The present research aims to study the presented details in two surahs of the Quran with a new approach. To this end، based on Halliday’s functional approach، we studied the circumstantial adjuncts in two surahs of Ma’ede and Yusuf as two examples of Medinan and Meccan surahs. In the systemic functional grammar proposed by Halliday، circumstantial adjuncts are the third part of the triple roles of the experimental metafunction، which contain detailed information about the text. Circumstantial adjuncts are considered to be a tool for a more detailed description of a verb، disambiguation and enhancement of the experimental content of the text، by providing information and details. After the adjuncts are extracted، the authors determined the frequency of them in the two surahs and studied the reasons for their existence with respect to their frequency. The results show that، overall، the rate of the use of the adjuncts in Ma’ede as a Medinan Surah is over Yusuf as a Meccan surah. The most frequent adjuncts in both surahs were causal (reason، purpose and beneficiary) and locative and temporal (place and time)، with the latter being more frequent in the surah of Ma’ede. After these two adjuncts، adjunct of contingency (condition، presupposition and concession)، adjuncts of manner (means، quality، comparison and degree) and adjuncts of accompaniment (interactive and additive) have the highest frequency and other circumstantial adjuncts including topic and role (guise and product) are the lowest in frequency; adjuncts of point of view (source and viewpoint) were not found in any of them. Details such as cause reason and motivation for an action show God’s particular attention to the origin and cause of affairs and invites addressees to meditate on these matters. God''s Special attention to the audience of the Holy Quran and the humans'' general inability to understand it is also indicated by the high frequency of location adjuncts.