فصلنامه پژوهش های ادبی - قرآنی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 41، بهار 1402)

Rhetoric and syntax play a significant role in the accurate translation and interpretation of the Qurʾān, and deviation as one of the findings of the science of rhetoric is not excluded from this influence. Therefore, in order to access the exact meanings of the ayahs, we are forced to examine the style of deviation from norms or enziyah. Deviating from the rules of the standard language aims to make readers contemplate new concepts and meanings especially if this process is in the text of the Holy Qurʾān. While identifying the factors in the first to third ajza of the Qurʾān, their deviating factors are analyzed based on Jonathan Cohen's theory and from two structural and semantic perspectives. Semantic deviation includes the literary devices of expression, i.e., metaphor, metonymy, irony, and simile, while structural deviation is expressed in fronting, tailing, omission, iltifat, and prolixity. In this research, which was carried out using a descriptive and analytical method, the extent of the effect of words and sentences having the fatḥah on the lexical and semantic beauty of the first three ajza of the Holy Qurʾān was determined, and on the other hand, by examining examples of ayahs, it was shown how one can find the new meanings of objects through focusing on deviation.

Internal music, which is one of the branches of phonetic stylistics and one of the modern characteristics of literary texts, has emerged after the connection between the form and content of words, and creates a special sense of bliss in the human soul. One of the aspects of this literary feature is the tone and the speech melody, which is one of the many manifestations of the speech music and includes the quality of pronunciation and speech characteristics that the speaker uses to convey a message and influence the audience. Given this, the Qur'an has doubled the effect of the meaning on the audience by making full use of the musicality of the language and its mentioned feature in such a way that in the ayahs that express punishment, the tone of the words is fast and striking, and in the ayahs expressing mercy, forgiveness and divine blessings, the tone is soft and soothing. On the other hand, due to the thematic affinity of the surahs which have similar disjoined letters, the internal music, especially the tone and speech melody in these surahs have been studied using an analytical-descriptive method. The results of the research show that the melody and tone of the speech in the seven surahs of Hawamim, which have also been ordered in the order of revelation of the Qur'an, have a very close resemblance to each other, and have a unique fit and harmony to the extent that the frequency of using different letters in each surah is approximately 72% for al-maad letters, 31% for stressed letters, and 6% for al-leen letters, which explains the unique harmony of words and meanings arising from phonemes and words in these surahs.

Textual coherence is one of the most important theories raised in text grammar. This theory examines and analyzes the elements that connect the constituent parts of the text. In order for a text to be coherent, it needs three lexical, grammatical and linking factors, each of which are divided into several subgroups, and their presence in a text creates the coherence and cohesion of the constituent parts of that text. The present descriptive-analytical article aims to analyze the lexical coherence in Surah As-Sajdah and to analyze and evaluate the degree of coherence and cohesion between the ayahs and its components. The results of the article indicate that Surah As-Sajdah has a high degree of lexical coherence that includes repetition and collocation. The most important reason of this cohesion comes from repetition, which by being scattered throughout the text, connects the ayahs and different parts of the text together. As for collocations, antonymy has played a prominent role in this surah. It is used in line with the main meaning and theme of the text, which is the confrontation between believers and unbelievers.

One of the uses of language to influence others is to argue. Arguments are used to convince the audience because they try to persuade the listeners that a particular way of thinking is correct or it is in their interest to follow a certain view or belief. Different theories and viewpoints have been proposed about argumentation. The third model in the research studies related to this theory, which is an extension of Perelman's research that aims to revive Aristotelian rhetoric, examines reasoning within a discourse. In this approach, types of discourse in relation to argumentation are studied, and the methods by which oral and written discourse try to impact the audience are scrutinized and categorized. Since the Holy Qurʾān contains discourses centered on topics such as the rejection of polytheism and idolatry, the call to monotheism, the call to justice, the denial of corruption on the earth, etc., we can consider the text of the Holy Qurʾān as an argumentative discourse that seeks to reform. On the other hand, an argumentative text has features that distinguish it from other texts, one of which is the presence of two sides or a conflicting side in it, which is also a visible feature in the Qurʾān, especially in Surah Hud, which contains the dialogue of the prophets. Accordingly, this research article aimed to analyze the discourses in this surah drawing on the reasoning model of Patrick Charaudeau.

Surah Āl ʿImrān is one of the Madani surahs and the majority of its content concerns commands, prohibitions and the explanation of some rulings, and part of the surah is dedicated to addressing the People of the Book and another part is allocated to processing of the story of Āl ʿImrān. This surah has special characteristics as compared with Makki surahs. The present research, using stylistics and a descriptive-analytical method, tries to study the prominent features of the style of this surah in terms of semantics and the function of each of the stylistic layers to explain the intended meanings in order to display the function of style-making elements and the prominent features of the linguistic-expressive style of this surah. The results of the research shows that one of the most important characteristics of the style of this surah is interjection appearing in structures such as "Ya Ahl al-Kitab", "Ya Ayyuhha Al-Dhinna Amanwa", "Rabbi", "Rabbana" and "Ya Maryam" in each of which there are intended meanings that fit this style. In addition, accuracy in direct and indirect interjection and the difference of each in expressing meanings are among the achievements and innovations of this research. Moreover, in many ayahs of this surah, the order and composition of the sentences are melodious, and the various types of repetition and the appropriate function of its spiritual music in explaining the meanings of the ayahs are noteworthy.

Cognitive linguistics is an approach that sees language as a means of discovering the structure of human cognition. This approach, which has increasingly received attention in recent decades, considers language as a sign of illustration and construal aspect of human mind. Cognitive linguists believe that scene construal is a cognitive matter and that each story can be more deeply analyzed from the view of cognitive linguistics. Given Langacker's (1987) views about scene construal and its different aspects such as perspective, profiling, scanning and focus of attention, the present descriptive-analytical research analyzed the story of Prophet Yusuf (AS) and then focuses of attention were examined in the ayahs of this surah. Additionally, the frequency of each aspect of scene construal in the 111 ayahs of this surah were studied. The findings show that, out of all scene aspects, perspective and profiling respectively have the most and the least frequency. Furthermore, most of the focus of attention in this surah is devoted to the dimensions of sleep and dreams and their interpretation, shirt, and deception.