Scale insects of ornamental plants in Iran (Hem.: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha)

Greenhouses and urban landscapes provide favorable conditions for the development of scale insects. Scale insects are destructive pests on many species of ornamental plants. This study presents a list of 64 species of Coccomorpha belonging to six families reported on 72 ornamental plant species within 42 families. The scale insect families are as follows: Diaspididae (45 species), Pseudococcidae (11 species), Coccidae (5 species), Eriococcidae (1 species), Monophlebidae (1 species) and Rhizoecidae (1 species). The polyphagous species of Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan), Coccus hesperidium (L.), Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.), Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell), Parlatoria crypta McKenzie, Pa. oleae (Colvée), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Planococcus citri (Risso), Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), as well as the monophagous species Eriococcus spurius (Modeer), Leucaspis pusilla Löw, and Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) are among the most harmful scale insects in both greenhouses and urban landscapes of Iran.