Effect of Leaf Explants Types and Various Levels of 2, 4-D on Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Anthurium andraeanum

In micropropagation of Anthurium the most important and sensitive stage, is callus induction from explant. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in 4 replications in Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU) in 2010. The cultivar used in this study is Fire and leaf segments with and without main nervure, were used as explants. Explants were cultured on mMS media with 2, 4-D (0.0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20 and 0.24 mgL-1) and BA (1 mgL-1), 30% sucrose and 7% agar for callus induction. Calli were cultured in mMS media with BA (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mgL-1), 206 mgL-1 NH4NO3, 20% sucrose and 7% agar for shoot regeneration. Four weeks after inoculation, callus induction initiated in explants with nervure. Regardless of 2, 4-D concentrations, leaf explants with the main nervure, showed highest callus induction (48.3%). The leaf explants with main nervure in mMS medium contain 0.16 mgL-1 2, 4-D showed the highest callus induction (83.7%) and the leaf explant without main nervure in mMS medium without 2, 4-D showed the lowest callus induction (12.5%). The best rate of BA for shoot regeneration (20.83%) was 1 mgL-1. The callus on mMS medium containing 1 mgL-1 BA showed the highest shoot regeneration (20.83 %) and the callus in mMS medium containing 0.25 mgL-1 BA showed the lowest shoot regeneration.