The Objectivity of Values and Freedom of Ethical Motivation Based On The Absolute Monotheism from Allameh Tabatabai's point of view

Objectivity or subjectivity of ethical values and being intrinsic or extrinsic of source of ethical motivation is one of the problematic issues of contemporary ethics/moral philosophy. Because subjectivity of ethical values may lead to relativism in ethics and extrinsic factor in ethical motivation may lead to weakness in performance.The purpose of this article is to resolve such issues based upon Absolute Monotheism from Allameh Tabtabai`s point of view. Our approach in first step will be clarification and analysis of Absolute Monotheism and in the second step will be reasoning of this theory toward resolving such issues. Absolute Monotheism may be the base of objectivity of ethical values and also an intrinsic factor in free and sublime ethical motivation. Because the monotheist person will act based upon God`s Names (Asma-Allah) – all of which are objective, knows just one Essence in whole universe and acknowledges all characteristic and acts - all of which are reflected in human and non-human creatures - as characteristics of the Holy God. Of achievements of this research, we can mention clarification of Absolute Monotheism and its differentiation from other levels of monotheism, proving the objectivity of ethical values and its adaptability with free and intrinsic ethical motivation and its distinction with other ethical motivations in systems which are based upon deontology and personal/communal or worldly/unworldly utilitarianism.