Rta and Aša in India and Ancient Iran: A Comparative Study

Among all questions which are asked about the nature of existence, after asking about the creation, the question about the order and permanence of the universe is the most essential question. A common answer to this question is that there is a Cosmic Order or Cosmic Law which protects the universe from disorder. This Cosmic Order was called rta in ancient India, and aša in the ancient Iran. It personifies the cosmic, social, ritual, and moral order. Rta and aša are synonyms and from the etymological point of view, were derived from a common root. Rta (or aša) is under the protection of gods; therefore, if someone transgresses its bounds, she/he will be punished. So all devotees and even gods should harmonize themselves with rta (or aša) and behave in accordance with its principles. If they act so, they will be qualified for the title of rtavan (those who possess rta) or ašavan (those who uphold aša) and will enjoy the everlasting bliss and prosperity.