Factors Affecting Tendency of Rural Youth of Ahar Township to Migrate to City

In the third world countries, the phenomenon of rural-urban migration has become a social problem. Structural weakness in the villages to the town’s attractions and glamor makes the villagers to get rid of their home to go to the cities. Lack of facilities in rural areas has caused young people to achieve a decent job with stable income and business development opportunities to go to the cities and the key to success is to search somewhere other than their home village. Following this, there have been fundamental changes in the age and sex structure of villages. Aging rural population in Ahar township has caused rural-urban migration of youth. Undoubtedly, the consequences of such actions for the origin and destination risks leads to. Hence, the present study aimed to identify the factors affecting tendency of rural youth of Ahar township to migrate to city and the applied purpose was reached. In order to achieve the desired aim, empirical and theoretical background in the field of study and work on the theoretical framework of the theories of migration research were used by Ravenstein and Todaro, pull-push theory and the theory of relative deprivation is formed. Thus, based on theoretical basis hypothesis was developed. Methodology of this study, was based on cross-sectional survey method.Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 21 villages on the basis of geographical location, distances from city, population and emigration status were chosen. 15-30 year-old youth in villages of Ahar who lived at the time of the study in selected villages, form the study population. Using random sampling method, 500 young people, were selected for study. The information they need using the questionnaire and in both micro and macro levels have been collected. Data analysis was done using SPSS and HLM. Research hypotheses were tested using Chi-square, T-test, Kendall’s Tau-b and Pearson tests. The multilevel modeling (HLM) was conducted in order to examine the influence of individual variables from structural variables. The results indicate that between the individual and structural factors in rural areas and the tendency to migration, there is a statistically significant relationship. According to the results, the economic situation of the family, the attitude to origin push, the attitude to destination pull, the population living in villages and rural distance from the city, are effective on the rural youth tendency to migrate to cities. Conterary to popular perception, factors of attitude to rural push compared to urban push attitude factors, have more influence on the trend of rural-urban migration of youth. According to Lee’s theory, factors of that are associated with the origin of most of the relevant factors destination and according to the Todaro theory in tendency to migration of rural youth, the importance of apparent differences between urban and rural income likely to lead to a job in the city. This kind of attitude in villages that are located further from the city, is striking. On the other hand, by reducing the distance of the village from the city, the positive impact of attitude on the city pull to rural youth tends to migration is decreased. In other words, the villages that have less distance from the city and more populated areas have been far less than urban pull. This kind of attitude to urban pull, show significant negative impact on the increasing trend of migration from rural to urban areas. In total, the highest percentage of changes in the trend of migration of rural youth to cities, are defined by two variables of village population and village distance of the city and show that structural factors are more important in this regard.
Since the migration of young leading to the evacuation of villages from active youth and causing older age composition have been studied, therefore, the poverty elimination of thin and remote rural areas is one of the most important agendas of the custodians of rural development in Ahar township. Investment in housing, youth employment, bridging the gap between urban and rural incomes, includ those who may be controled inappropriate migration of youth to city. This can be provided regarding maintaining youth in rural areas and the many issues stemming from migration in both origin and destination stop.