Aragon and Castile's Trade Relationship with Baybars, and Pop's Economic Sanctions against Egypt

Indicating how two European states, Aragon and Castile, started trade relationship with the East, this article is to investigate the causes of their trade contracts with Baybars, Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, and the effects of Pop Gregory X’s economic sanctions because of these trade relationships. Mongol’s domination of Asian main trade roads, and then, Ilkhanids’ hostility with Golden Horde led to insecurity of trade road from China to the Europe, and it was replaced by China-Europe marine trade route which was Red Sea-Mediterranean Sea, and was redoubled the importance of Mamluks due to their domination of some parts of this Marine route. Therefore, Aragon and Castile were
forced to improve their trade relationship with Baybars, in order to provide their needs from the Far East. Because of Aragon and Castile’s being in need of Baybars help, Pop’s economic sanctions had not any considerable effect on these trade relationships.