The Role of Islamic Anthropology in Demonstrating the Aspects of the Political System in Islam

Anthropology is one of the core disciplines in the human sciences. The way of understanding and demonstrating man's inherent and subordinate characteristics and traits depends on the final results of scientific theories. A study of the early growth and development of man's characteristics within the society requires a careful look into the issue of civilization and the type of political system consistent with these characteristics.
In Islamic anthropology, the reality of man and his existential dimensions and fundamental characteristics can be explained, described and analyzed by referring to two sources of reason and transmission (revelation). Accordingly, man is created by the Knowing, All-wise and Most powerful God and he is connected with and in need of Him in his existence and survival. Besides, he is under God's absolute and general guardianship and lordship from the moment of birth until death. Man has two forms: unstable body and eternal pure soul. The body is the means of the transcendence of soul and the material world is a prelude to man’s spiritual life and future life. On the other hand, man has several inherent capacities and faculties; such as, love of one’s self, love of perfection, altruism, reason, will, free choice, feelings and emotions, and he can achieve perfection, have relationship with the metaphysical factors and reach the station of being God's vicegerent. No doubt, any type of anthropology needs to have its own political system, and any political system is affected by its own anthropology in, at least, three levels: principles, structure and aims, and it is based on its basic principles. The present paper seeks to elaborate on the effective, orientating and determining role of Islamic anthropology in the three levels of the political system in Islam.