A Comparative Study on Narrative Point of View & Possible Worlds in Iranian Fiction and Dramatic Literature; a Linguistic Approach The Case Studies: The Short Story "Snail Cracker"(by Shahryar Mandanipour) and the Play "Hovel of Trauma Agony"(by Mahmoud Ostadmohammad)

In this research, it has been attempted to investigate how the point of view in story and drama is perceived. For this purpose, two case studies are considered: the short story Snail Cracker (by Shahryar Mandanipour) and the play “Hovel of Trauma& Agony"(by Mahmoud OstadMohammad). The similarity between two case studies is the fact that in both, the audience finds out viewpoint of absent characters, through the statements of present figures in the story and drama worlds. To understand how it works, a combination of the linguistic approaches of McIntyre, based on “Deictic Shift” and Ryan's notion of “Possible Worlds” are adopted as the theoretical framework of the study. The main problem of the article is to discover narratological capabilities of the point of view in creating dramatic or narrative hidden spaces. The main goal of this article is to investigate the construction process of the absent character's viewpoint in the main scene of the events. The research findings are being analyzed based on the narratological indices of McIntyre and Ryan. Research methodology is descriptive –analytic. The results reveal that despite discrepancies between the story and drama worlds, they have some features in common: their figures can develop narratological perspectives and absent person's viewpoint through linguistic markers which effect on the dialogues, they are also able to influence on assumed audience’s (reader’s) perception.