The comparative study of synthetic seed production in some species of Crataegus by meristem culture and somatic embryos

Aim: The aim of this studyishealthy and desirable plants production of two Crataegus species using meristem culture and somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed preparation that is a biotechnological result.
Material and Strile seeds, vegetative - generative organs pieces and the buds of two Crataegus species (Crataegus pseudoheterophylla and C. microphylla)were cultured on solid MS medium with auxin hormones (IAA, NAA and 2, 4- D), cytokinins (KIN, BAP, Zeatin) and GA3 under sterile conditions. Samples were capsulated by sodium aglinate and calcium chloride.
Leaves, apical meristems and axillary bud meristems explants were the best for callus production in solid MS medium with some concentration of auxins and cytokinins. Embryoids and especially embryos were almost obtained from leaf explants or sub culturing of embryogenic callus in solid MS medium contains auxins, cytokinins and a little of NaCl. Early autumn and late winter axillary buds were suitable for synthetic seed production. Sodium alginate %3 and calcium chloride %1 were used as a capsule for synthetic seed production. For artificial seed storage 4°C and for germination of these seeds 24 ± 2°C were suitable.
There are some difficulties for somatic embryogenesis in two studied Crataegus. Hormones type and dosage are very important and effective on callus, embryoids and embryos production. Buds harvesting time is also important for synthetic seed production. The supplements of buds with MS medium and capsulation those with sodium alginate are favorable.