Cointegration Vector Estimation by Panel DOLS: Gray economy and human development

Recent developments in the econometric theory lead to presenting estimators which are appropriate for the small samples and time series with the convergence relation. Compared with other cointegration vector estimators, DOLS method used in small samples and prevents the creation of simultaneity bias. It has normal distribution and can include variable with different cointigration order in the estimation process. This paper reviews the characteristics of a panel dynamic ordinary least squares method employs it in the form of an econometric model of the effects of gray economy (corruption is proxy for gray economy) on the human development index in the 9 developing countries over the period 2002 to 2013. The results show that the impact of corruption index and inflation on the human development index is negative in the studied countries.