Studying the Effect of Security of Tenure Indices on the Physical Quality of Housing in Marginalized Areas (Case Study: Vakil Abad, Urmia)

The right of providing residence is a basic principle and a necessity to improve the life conditions of the poor people living in urban poor settlements and the lack of tenure security leads to a lack of willingness to participate and invest in improving housing and psychological harm of the residents. This research seeks to answer the question of how much security indexes affect the quality of housing in Vakilabad District of Urmia. The research method is of descriptive-analytic one and the required information was obtained through survey and questionnaire tool. Finally, by using a variety of statistical models such as mean test, factor analysis, linear regression and path model with SPSS software, we analyze the information. Using factor analysis, security factors were placed in three groups: contractual, participatory, and experiential. In order to evaluate the quality of housing, four indicators of building materials, building coverage,floor area and residents' satisfaction were used. The results indicate that security factors have a direct and strongg relationship with the improvement of the quality of housing in the studied area. The results of the mean test showed that for the participation factor, the kinship and rural-domicile index are higher among the residents, but residents are not very hopeful about the support of political institutions. The results of regression test also showed that among the factors of tenure security, the effect of the experiential factor on the security of land tenure and the physical quality of housing is more and the contractual factor was lower. In order to improve tenure safety, firstly, experienced based indicators especially the concern of the residents about tramping after being evacuated and then fear about the degree of dissatisfaction of public institutions with housing in the neighborhood must be addressed and instead of offering a property certificate, the use of collective ownership and social-oriented models is proposed.