فصلنامه جغرافیا و آمایش شهری - منطقه ای
پیاپی 50 (بهار 1403)

The social function of space is one of the most important functions of urban spaces, which creates the possibility of engaging in meaningful interactions with society, socialization, the formation of a sense of place and the opportunity to gather and enjoy the experience with others in citizens. Unfortunately, in different cities of Iran, over the past years, these social functions of spaces have undergone many changes under the influence of political economy and development plans. For this purpose, the present study was written with the aim of Identifying the influencing factors of political economy and development plans on changing social functions of new urban spaces (region 3) and old (region 12) of Tehran metropolis and to provide solutions to develop positive social functions of urban spaces. Therefore, the research method in the present study is applied in terms of purpose and analytical and exploratory in nature. Also, the analysis of the studied urban spaces has been done using the Delphi method (opinion of 16 elites and managers) and the application of cross-impact analysis technique in MICMAC software. Findings indicate that the most effective in changing the social functions of urban spaces in Tehran (new and old) are related to the components of lack of proper formation of the relationship between economy, society and government, incoherence and proper relationship between economic, social, environmental and functional dimensions and body elements in the design of urban spaces and the lack of benefit from people with different tastes and preferences is at the forefront. The results also show that the gradual changes of old urban spaces in recent years and their modernization along with the effects of modernism, have caused these spaces to be unable to meet the daily needs of residents and their social role is reduced.

Today, in many countries of the world, environmental issues are very important for researchers. In this field, the spatial expansion of urban heat islands is one of the most important environmental issues. Urban heat islands are formed due to the growth of human activities and the dominance of artificial environments on the natural environments. The main purpose of this research was spatial analysis and identification of urban heat islands in Rasht metropolitan. In this regard, four main indicators (Density of land use, Green Infrastructure, Transportation, and Urban density) were selected. Environmental studies, Google Earth software, the master plan of Rasht, and the questionnaire method were used to collect information. The pairwise comparison method was used to investigate the relative weight of the indicators. For data analysis, the Arc Map software used spatial analysis tools such as point density, line density, kernel density, interpolation, Euclidean distance, and Zonal Statistic model. Results showed that the transportation index with a coefficient of 0.44 was more important than other indices in the formation of urban heat islands. The index of the land use density with a comparative weight of 0.341 was the second most important index. The indicators of urban density and natural infrastructure were the third and fourth most important indicators. According to the results obtained from the overlaying of the indicators, the center of urban heat islands was identified in Bagharabad, Chelekhane and Bazar neighborhoods. Spatial analysis showed that the spatial expansion of urban heat island is towards the western neighborhoods of Rasht such as Pirsera and Ziabri. According to the results of the research, in 26% of the Rasht area, the possibility of the formation of urban heat islands was high and very high. Also, in 48 percent of the neighborhoods of Rasht city, in other words, 26 out of 55 neighborhoods of the city the intensity of urban heat islands was high and very high. Therefore, managers and city officials must pay more attention to this issue in planning for the future of Rasht City and adopt policies that reduce the negative effects and consequences of this issue.

Accessibility is the key to high-impact social conditioning as well as the secret behind successful city spaces. For this purpose, this study endeavors to investigate the accessibility and social interactions of people in Mellat Park of Mashhad city (as the most important park with an urban function). The descriptive-analytical study and its variables include: the spatial location of the elements of the park and the degree of the correspondence of public traffic. The mass of the sample with regard to the number of visitors and the type of statistical tests, was determined to be 200 people. After conducting documentary-based research and composing the conceptual model of the research, all elements located within the park (including 920 locations), were extracted using a GPS device and were saved in the location database. Three models were utilized as a means to analyze the data, including: 1) classic statistics (quantitative and experimental tables), 2) spatial positioning and its criteria (connection, choice, interconnection, width, and depth), and 3) structural equations. The results indicate that, from the perspective of accessibility, Mellat Park is functionally diverse. On the other hand, the estimation of the spatial positioning criteria demonstrates that a part of the park is not placed within the walking area of visitors. In addition, the results of the survey also indicate that people are unaware of the locations of some important elements. The findings of this study concerning the patterns of people’s interactions indicated that, in spite of the relatively proper interaction of the people with each other, these interactions were not deep and only included short chats. Also, the results of the structural equations demonstrated that, among the locations within the park, the Martyrs’ grave, the coffee shop, the sports equipment, the lake, and the green area play the biggest role in initiating social interactions. Deductions based on the findings of this study indicate that, the three subjects of functional diversity, spatial positioning, and the value of the elements within the space can be considered as major factors for the realization of widespread social interactions within the background of urban areas.

Border cities are important and strategic points for every country and governments have always been trying to improve living conditions and maintain stable security in them. Livability is one of the most important and vital aspects of urbanization that plays a significant role in improve the quality of life, urban development and maintaining security. Therefore, identifying the factors and drivers affecting the livability of such cities in the present and especially in the future has always been one of the important issues of urban planners. The purpose of this research is to identify and structurally analyze factors and drivers affecting the livability of the border city of Saravan, which has been extracted using theoretical literature and a survey method based on the Delphi technique. The statistical population of this research was 25 urban and academic experts and specialists who were selected by purposeful sampling. In total, 30 factors and driving forces in five dimensions of livability were classified and scored, and then the results were processed in MICMAC software. Among the factors and drivers affecting livability, 11 key factors and drivers that have the greatest impact on the livability of Saravan city have been identified, which include, the effect of government political decisions, private sector investments, government credits, employment, education, social relations and Equality, urban infrastructure, communication with border neighbors, deprivation, resilience against man-made disasters and financial affordability. These factors and drivers have a role of high effectiveness and low effectiveness. Therefore, the control and planning of the livability of Saravan depends on the changes of these factors and drivers.

The purpose of the research is to identify and analyze the effective factors in the development of tourism in the city of Shush with a future research approach and to examine the extent and how these factors affect each other. The current research is based on the purpose of an applied development type. The method of collecting information is the library, documentary and field method. The statistical population of the research includes 20 experts related to tourism and urban and regional planning, with 56 variables in the form of six dimensions (macro and extra-provincial, economic, managerial, cultural and social, environmental, physical) using the method Delphi and expert opinion were identified. In order to analyze the data, the cross-effects matrix (MICMAC) has been used, which finally has 13 key factors: security and peace of tourism, government budget related to tourism, allocation of financial resources in the tourism sector, entrepreneurship, strengthening the local economy, competition, Tourism offices, tourism institutions and travel agencies, holding festivals, existence of handicrafts, participation of citizens, environmental tolerance capacity, development of recreational and entertainment facilities, suitable location of business centers have the greatest impact on the state of tourism development in the city of Shush.

Today, cities have faced many challenges in the economic, social and ecological fields, at the same time, the increase in population along with the ever-increasing rate of urbanization has brought harmful consequences for cities. Urban regeneration policy is a new approach in the process of renovating problematic urban structures. The approach of urban liveability, in parallel with sustainable development, seeks to create a sustainable environment in social, economic, bio-environmental, managerial, physical and equal life opportunities for all city residents. ; Therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of investigating the regeneration of worn-out fabric with an emphasis on urban liveability indicators. The research method is descriptive-correlation. In the current research, the target community in part of the study and analysis in this research is the residents of Marvdasht city. Morgan's table has been used to determine the sample size; Therefore, according to Morgan's table and the unlimited size of the population, the sample is 384 people. And the questionnaires were distributed among the people of the society based on non-random sampling. The data collection tool is the standard questionnaires of regeneration and urban liveability indicators. The validity of the questionnaires was obtained in terms of content and the reliability of the questionnaires was determined through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. For data analysis, factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used using SSPPSS and Smart PPLS software. The results of the research showed that there is a relationship between social, economic, management, environmental and physical indicators and the viability of the historical context.

Tourism plays a key role in the development of communities. At the same time, tourism development requires attention to the factors and indicators affecting the attractiveness of tourism destinations and places. Given the importance of this issue, in this study, the differences between the city and the village in terms of factors and indicators of increasing attractiveness of places and tourism destinations were discussed. In terms of purpose, the present research is applied and its method is combined (qualitative and quantitative). The tools for collecting data and information are questionnaires and interviews. The statistical population of the research is experts and specialists in the field of tourism, which were selected by the purposeful sampling method of 50 samples.. To answer the research questions, the binary logistics model (LM-Newton-Marcard-Rafson method) and qualitative analysis were used. The results of the study show that among the five factors, the three factors of diversity of job opportunities related to tourism products, cultural authenticity/natural assets and tourism infrastructure are the most important factors in increasing the attraction of tourist attractions in Poldokhtar city. Be. The results of the study of indicators based on tourism purposes also showed that there is a significant difference between the attractiveness indicators in urban and rural tourism destinations. The attraction of rural destinations is primarily influenced by local/agricultural products, local traditions, handicrafts and natural assets. While tourism -related job skills, the use of workers in various branches, accommodation services and cultural/ historical and ancient attractions are the most important indicators of urban tourism destinations. The results of this study can also be used to increase the attractiveness of tourism attractions and places and tourism development in urban and rural destinations in other parts of Iran.

Migration is one of the three main components that shape the growth and dynamics of the population in any country. Human population migration causes cultural, social and environmental changes in the origin and destination of migration. Ecological Footprint is one of the tools that tries to quantify human pressure on the environment. One of the important issues that have been neglected in migration analyzing is the state of the spatial pattern of migration and the spatial pattern of the ecological footprint in Iran. Therefore, in this research, secondary data was used to analyze the situation of these two variables in relation to each other. In this regard, the data of inter-provincial migrations of 2011 to 2016 period and the ecological footprint of the provinces for the year 2016 were prepared. By using the Geographic Information System and the quadrant chart, the situation of two variables was analyzed. The general result of the research in relation to the spatial situation of the pattern of ecological footprint and in- migrants, out- migrants and the net migration of the provinces showed that most of the destination provinces have a higher ecological footprint than the national average. In contrast, most of the origin provinces have a low ecological footprint than the national average. Regarding the net migration, most of the provinces with a positive net migration have high ecological footprint. In general, it can be said that the positive flow of migration goes to provinces that have a higher ecological footprint than the national average.