Intertextual Approach towards Ethical Teachings of Parvin Etesami and Mowlavi

The term "intertextuality" refers to the analysis of a text with other previous or contemporary literature. The term was first coined by Julia Kristova, and later expanded into various sub-disciplines by Gérard Genette. This paper is an attempt to intertextually analyze a poem by Parvin Etesami who composed it with reference to some antecedent poets like Mowlavi; highlight its ethical teachings, and clarify their similarities and differences. Doing this, the article sheds a modern light on the ancient teachings. No such an attempt has thus far been conducted on intertextual analysis in Iran; yet there are such works as that of Bahman Namvar Motlaq and Farhad Sasani. Next to the presentation of theoretical hints on intertextual analysis, the article catches a glimpse into the life and work-style of Parvin Etesami; then the poem "drunk and sober" is given previous to the poem "drunk and inspector" by Rumi. The major lines of discussion are as follows:1. Protesting mistreatment by law enforcement
2. Referring to the social hell
3. Expressing ignorance by the law enforcement of the chaotic social conditions of his time
4. Expressing corruption by the high levels of society
5. The use of religion in favor of the ruling class
6. Bribe taking from the poor community
7. Expressing poverty in subordinate social classes
8. Emphasizing on rationality and dynamic ideas
9. The dilapidated and disorganized society
10. The lack of meritocracy rulers
From this it can be concluded that: intertextuality in modern literature is a way to discover the creativity and talent of writer and poet, which in literary criticism of the past was judged as the weakness of the writer and poet, in the view of intertextual reveals high capacities and literary abilities of the writer, and not only does not detract from the value of his work, but also explores creative ways to take advantage of a text from other texts. Checking intertextual relations in Parvin's poetry reflects the fact that intertextual criticism can be utilized to explain the ethical teachings. Comparison of Parvin and Rumi in the realm of intertextual criticism illuminates the fact that Rumi teaches Gnosticism, and Parvin explains the social and political teachings through her social and critical views.