Epistemological and methodological study of probability in Islamic economy based on Sadra philosophy

Probability calculus is one of the issues that have a major role in economics. Contemporary economics has distinguished between objective and epistemological probability and frequently has used the objective one in economic theories. But now in the wake of criticism of subjectivism on the objective probability, the orientation of the economy is towards Bayesian probability and epistemological probability. By studying the position of the probability calculus in different fields of economics, it is suggested to explain the principles of Islamic economics, on the basis of theories of Islamic philosophers. Motaalia Wisdom sees the objective possibility, some sort of psychological probability and only the logical certainty is valid. Allameh Tabatabai with the theory of Eetebarat has continued this way. Accordingly, the probability is the subjective expectation that whatever the lawful, do not exit the psychological probability. With its different levels, psychological probability is subject to the provisions of practical reason, and in some cases it can be followed in the absence of logical certainty. Use of this view benefits the Islamic economy in epistemological and methodological area. Method of Islamic economics uses probability calculus as way of verifying economic theories in absence of certainty. Also where the action is bases on probabilities, we could use the calculus. Probabilistic prediction is also another way of using this calculus in Islamic economics when we have no certainty. The interpretation of the martyr Sadr for probability based on elm-e-ejmali lacks discovery, because it doesnt reach the logical certainty.