Effect of Drought Stress and Nano-Fertilizer on Grain Yield, Yield Components and Water Use Efficiency in Dill (Anethum graveolens L.)

In order to evaluate of nano-fertilizer and different irrigation regimes effects on yield and components yield and water use efficiency in Dill (Anethum graveolens L.), an experimental was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications during 2015 at agriculture greenhouse of Payame Noor university. Treatments were irrigation interval with five levels (5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 days) and iron nano-fertilizer in two levels (no fertilizer and iron nano-fertilizer amount of four liters per hectare with irrigation water), respectively. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of the simple effects of iron nano-fertilizer and irrigation levels on yield, yield components and water use economic and environmental efficiency was significant. Mean comparison showed using iron nano-fertilizer can improve yield and components yield and water use economic and environmental efficiency in dill. The highest and lowest seed yield and components yield (such as 1000-seed weight, seeds per plant, number of node and number of branches) were achieved by irrigation interval five and 13 days. By increasing irrigation interval and applying drought stress, traits of quantitative yield (biomass yield and seed yield) and qualitative yield (essential oil yield) were significantly reduced. According to the results of research, application iron nano-fertilizer and irrigation interval seven days in dill led to created favorable conditions for increasing quantity and quality yield and water use efficiency. It can be replaced with nano fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers that it was leading to sustainable agriculture and environmental protection.