The Effect of Repetitions on creating Tone in Lyric Poem of Shams from Formalism Point of view

This paper analyzes how the texture of the literary work and its elements such as word repetition, types of harmony, imagery, metaphor, pause, and stress create the dramatic, heroic, happy or sad tones in Ghazals of Shams. Tone has an interaction with the affective aspect of the work. In Russian Formalism, extra regularity is considered as a device of defamiliarization that highlights the literary text and in Ghazals of Shams leads to harmony. Augmentation principle in Ghazals of Shams is the result of phonetics, syllable, word and syntax repetitions manifesting the harmony and presenting innovation and tone. Artistic techniques in Molavi’s ghazals result in innovation in structure and form of ghazals giving identity to this literary masterpiece through defamiliarization, deviation, and abstract metaphors.