Effect of Milk thistle plant extract Vitis vinifera on immune system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) challenge by diazinon

Today, the arrival of agricultural pesticides in surface water is one of the biggest environmental problems that can threaten aquatic life. The impact of these pollutants on the immune system of fish has caused weakening it and increasing fish sensitivity to pathogens. Diazinon is one of the most important organophosphates used in many agricultural areas and found in Iran’s surface water. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diazinon on the immune system of fish and the use of Milk thistle plant Vitis vinifera extract to reduce the adverse effects of the pesticide in the immune system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The reduction in the level of plasma peroxides, IgM, total complement and lysozyme in fishes exposed to diazinon shows the effect of diazinon on the immune system of fish in the long term well. While in fishes fed by Milk thistle plant Vitis vinifera extract and exposed to toxin, no significant difference (p