Use of non-genetic biomarkers including anti-GAD65, anti-Insulin (II) and C-peptide in differentiating MODY type diabetes in a population of diabetic patients in Isfahan province

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders in the body, accompanied with increasing blood sugar levels. Diabetes is classified into 3 groups: Type 1 (T1DM), Type 2 (T2DM) and monogenic diabetes. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic diabetes that is frequently mistaken for T1D or T2D. The aim of this study was to diagnose MODY using non-genetic biomarkers and determine its frequency in the population of Isfahan province. This, in addition to saving time and cost, is important for prognosis and appropriate treatment.
In this analytical descriptive study 2085 diabetic patients with a 2-6 years of disease were examined and after assessing the clinical symptoms, in 57 cases with clinical symptoms for MODY, three markers (C-peptide, anti-GAD65 and anti-insulin (II)) were measured by ELISA method and compared with healthy cases and confirmed T1D and T2D patients.
In this analytical descriptive study, among 2085 diabetic patients, in 500 cases of them, the incidence of the disease was before the age of 25 years of old and after measuring 3 mentioned biochemical markers, 41 cases were negative for anti-GAD65 and anti-Insulin and had detectable C-peptide level and the differences in the levels of these three markers in suspected MODY group were meaningful (P The use of proprietary non-genetic biomarkers is very valuable for MODY detection and could be used alongside other clinical features to screen a large number of patients with diabetes. Ultimately, only suspect cases must be selected for genetic tests.