An Analytical Review of Safavid Military Performance in the Afghan Rebellion

The application of biological factors or in its modern sense biological weapons in order to eliminate and defeat enemies and adversary groups, as well as obtaining more benefits, has been one of the biggest human concerns in warfare especially in the recent decades. The use of biological factors as a weapon to reach different military-political goals has also been seen in the history of political development of Islamic middle ages. Thus, the present historical-explication stud attempted to answer this principal question that what status and function the biological factors had in the field of military developments in the middle ages of Iran’s history. The findings indicate that biological weapons have had the potential to change the military power balance and affect the defeats and victories besides having a propagandic impact and thus demoralizing enemies. In this regard, damaging enemie's weapons and equipment by means of biological factors and the elimination of prominent figures is another influence area of biological weapons in the military and political fields, of which hundreds of examples were recorded in the middle ages of Iran’s history.