From «dominated by aristocrats» to «base of society»: the evolution of scientists and innovators position during the process of «knowledgization» and some lessons for Iran

Along with the global attention to the specific importance of knowledge in recent decades, all Iran policy makers and planners also agree on it and emphasize that it is necessary to be «knowledge-based» but lack of proper understanding of the "status quo" and "desirable situation" has challenged Iran in terms of policy-making and planning for being «knowledge-based». The purpose of this study is filling the epistemic vacuum related to these two categories, improving recognition of institutional prerequisites of knowledgization, and investigation of one of it's institutional causal relations with a concentration on the position of scientists and innovators in society. For this purpose, using Institutionalism as a theoretical framework and Historical-Comparative method, first, the position of scientists and innovators is investigated in industrial countries both before and after of «knowledgization» of the society and with comparing these two periods, the evolution of scientists and innovators position in society during the process of «knowledgization» is explained. Then, using some historical facts, the position of scientists and innovators in past of Iran (after The Golden Age of Islamic Culture and Civilization to the victory of Islamic revolution) is investigated. Finally, based on the findings of previous parts, some points and recommendations have been made to more effective policy-making and planning for «knowledgization» of the society.