Evaluation of Spatial Variations of Surface Temperature in Mashhad Metropolis

The increase in the temperature of cities is the urbanization crisis of the present century. The purpose of this study was to identify surface temperature spatial variations in the city of Mashhad, which was characterized by the thermal bonding of 11 Landsat images for the period 2009-2013 and the digital land use map. In this equation, a separate window algorithm was used to calculate the surface temperature. The model of the spatial pattern of the surface temperature of the city of Mashhad during the year is the increase of surface temperatures from the center to the periphery of the city at the time of the passage of the satellite, so that the central and old parts of the city (Sanabad, Abkouh, Saadabad, Malekabad), have lower surface temperatures than The highest surface temperature in the southern margin of the city, in front of the Binalood Mountains from the west to the south-east of Mashhad, the railway, the airport, Shohada square, the border of Imam Ali Highway and the Hemmat ring way, Sheshsad Dastgah, the sugar factory and spinning mill, and the empty open spaces and and no urban use. Urban transportation usages, bare lands and altitudes throughout the year, maximum surface temperatures and minimum temperatures, are used for recreational and tourist use, agriculture and gardens, especially in hot months. The 12th district of the city is the warmest and district 1 is the coolest district in the city of Mashhad in terms of surface temperature. The maximum surface temperature of Mashhad is in the months of July and August, and the minimum temperature is in December, and the spatial extent of the surface temperature of the city is respectively September and the spring is the highest in October and the lowest in autumn.