The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Environment in Business Cycles: A Markov Switching Approach

In this research, the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on environment in business are estimated using the Markov-switching technique and data for the period 1975-1394. The business cycles periods are first identified using the Markov switching model, and then the relationship between the foreign direct investments and environment during the business cycles is estimated using the Johansson-Joucilus cointegration method The research results show that the effects of the foreign direct investment on environment is asymmetric. That is, the impact of FDI on environment is greater during the economic booms than busts. The results also confirms the hypothesis of pollution Haven in Iran during the business cycles.