Effect of Salinity and Salicylic Acid on Morphological and Photosynthetic Pigments Changes of Callus of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)

Utilization compounds like salicylic acid is one of the ways to control the salinity and reduce the damage of salinity. Salicylic acid is a phenolic compound plays a role as signaling molecule in plant tolerance system, to protect plants against stresses. The experiment was done to evaluate the effect of salinity (0, 5, 50, 100 and 200 mM) and salicylic acid (0, 100, 200 and 300 μM) on the morphological changes and photosynthetic pigments concentration of artichoke callus. Based on the obtained results, salinity, salicylic acid and interaction effect of salinity and salicylic acid had significant effect on the growth traits and photosynthetic pigments of callus. Artichoke callus showed a relative tolerance against salt stress with accompanying by the significant increasing in callus fresh weight, dry weight and amount of chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation. The maximum growth rate and weight was observed in culture containing 200 mM of salt and 100 μM of salicylic acid. Accumulation of the photosynthetic pigments of callus were increased in high concentration of salinity in presence of salicylic acid, in which shows the tray of cell to adapt with stress conditions. According to the results of this study, because of the positive influence of salinity and salicylic acid on growth traits and photosynthetic compounds and finally biochemical compounds of callus, with using the suitable concentration of these (salinity and salicylic acid) can be increasing the yield and valuable compounds of callus