Exploitation by Private Persons of the Objects Situated Beyond the National Jurisdiction of States and the Related Mechanisms

The right of exploitation of objects outside of States’ sovereignty is granted to private persons based on natural right and human right in form of enjoyment of the blessings of nature. High Seas, Atmosphere, Outer Space, and Antarctica are the examples of areas situated outside of States’ sovereignty. Fish stocks, mineral resources, satellite orbits, transit benefits,and land animals are the resources and benefits of these areas. The exploitation mechanism of private persons including natural and legal persons is generally directed through States’ channel and States shall supervise their nationals. In addition, specific international entities such as the International Seabed Authority (ISBA) have the authorization to issue the licenses of exploitation to and supervision on the States and its natural and legal persons. Such persons shall meet the international and national regulations related to such exploitation.