The Study of Semantic Components of the Quranic Word “Ḥamim” Based on the Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Relations

Semantics deals with studying the meaning and historical-descriptive semantics is one of the important and most common disciplines in this science. One of the ways to find the exact meanings of a word in the historical-descriptive semantics is using the syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations within the linguistic structure. This method is based on the structuralism theory. Undoubtedly, the application of this method plays a major role in the study and understanding Qur'an, which has complex semantic layers. The present study aims at identify and introduce the meaning of »Ḥamim «in the semantic system of the Holy Quran and has tried to study the role of the syntagmatic and paradigmatic vocabulary in identifying the meaning of» Ḥamim «. Therefore, the main question of the present study is, which of the syntagmatic and paradigmatic words of» Ḥamim «give the most help to heuristically discover the meaning of this word and what are the most important semantic components of the term as necessary and sufficient conditions? The results of this paper have shown that the most important semantic components of the term» Ḥamim «are punishment, fluidity, pain and harshness, melting, fatalities, elimination of body parts, and extreme heat. Also, the term Ḥ» amim« on the syntagmatic axis has semantic relationship with verbal lexemes of “Sabba (صب) ”, “Zᾱqa (ذاق) ”, “saqᾱ (سقی) ”, “Qata’a (قطع) ”, “Saḥaba (سحب) ”, and “sahira (صهر) ” and nominal terms of “Mᾱ (ماء) ”, “ghssᾱq (غساق) ”, “Samūm (سموم) ”, “Azᾱb (عذاب) ”, and on the paradigmatic axis with the words “Azᾱb (عذاب) ”, “ᾱniyah (آنیه) ”, and “Nᾱr (نار) ”. , most of the verses which use “Ḥamim” dedicated to the semantic domain of Azab (torment), Kᾱfirᾱn (infidels), Mūnkirᾱn (deniers), and those who hated of religion.