Preparation and Study of Nano-Niosomes Containing Doxorubicin and Evaluation of its Toxicity on Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Cell Line KG-1

Backgrounds andAim One of the effective strategies for targeting chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer is the use of lipid nano-carriers. In this study, an optimal formulation of niosomal drug containing doxorubicin has been developed to better fight cancer cells.
Material and Niosomal vesicles were prepared using phosphatidylcholine (22%), span60 (52/5%), cholesterol (22/5%) and DSPE-PEG2000 (5%) by thin-film method. Doxorubicin were loaded into the niosomes using inactive loading method. Their physico-chemical features were assayed using Zeta-Sizer, FTIR and SEM, and drug release amount was calculated at 37° C and 44° C. At the end, the toxicity of the nano drug carrier system was measured on the KG-1 cell line of the bone marrow cancer by MTT method. Niosomal vesicles containing Doxorubicin showed the size of 160.37±65.2 nm, 94.18% drug encapsulation efficiency -58.11± 1.24 mV of zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.234±0.02 The prepared niosomal system presented drug controlled release and FTIR investigation showed almost no interaction between nano-carrier containing drug and the drug itself. As well, morphological examination of nano-carriers using SEM microscopy revealed that they have spherical structures. Also, cellular studies showed that drug toxicity was higher in encapsulated conditions compared to non-encapsulated conditions. The results of this study, meanwhile confirming the proper physicochemical characteristics of the system and being Slow-release system indicate that this nano-carrier anionic increases the toxicity of the drug for the KG-1 cell line of the bone marrow, thus, this niosomal nano-carrier can be a suitable carrier for drug delivery to cancer cells.