A Review on the Structural and Metabolic Biomarkers in Migraine

Migraine is a neurovascular illness with repeated attacks of modest to intense headache, lasting 4–72 hours and linked to nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and noise. Migraine is often associated with asthma, anxiety, depression, and chronic pain. Recent development in basic and clinical investigations has augmented our grasp of the pathophysiology of these headaches. New drugs and treatment for the improvement of these headaches are emergent. Therefore, biomarkers provide a dynamic and a potent indicator to understanding the spectrum of neurological disease with applications in observational and analytic epidemiology, randomized clinical trials, screening and analysis and forecast. Biomarkers can also reflect the entire spectrum of disease from the earliest manifestations to the terminal stages. This review discusses the definition and uses of migraine biomarkers, particularly their role in diagnosis, risk stratification and management of disease.