Macroscopic anatomy of the metatarsophalangeal joint in Ostrich (Struthio camelus)

In ostrich (Struthio camelus), the standing weight is born entirely with pelvic limb digits so that the metatarsophalangeal joint received highest pressure. In the present study, anatomical structure of this joint investigated macroscopically. 25 pelvic limbs were prepared and dissected carefullt after fixation in 10% formalin. For arthrograohy, 4 ml of medium contrast was injected medially in to the metatarsophalangeal joint of third and fourth digits and radiographs were taken at lateromedial and dorsoplantar directions. In macroscopic examination, superficial fascia surrounds the etatarsophalangeal joint and plantar ligament and integrates with flexor tendons' fascia. Deep fascia which is composed of superficial and deep layers is connected to the metatarsophalangeal joint ligaments. Plantar ligament on the plantar surface keeps the metatarsophalangeal joint structure and many ligaments attach to the plantar pads which cause easier movement of the digits. The second tarsometatarsal bone fused with the third and fourth metatarsus after 90 days of age and remains as a process. Arthrography showed that the metatarsophalangeal joint of the third and fourth digits are dictinct and separate and their pouchs are quite recognizable.