Causality According to the Theory of individality of being in Transcendent Metaphysics

As Mulla Sadra's latest view on ontology, the theory (that there only exists one single and unique being in the whole existence; a theory much similar to panentheism) has had some fundamental effect on the most issues of conventional philosophy. This view, according to which the true existence is confined to Allah Almighty and the whole contingent beings can only be considered as His manifestation and appearance (Shan) goes to rebut one of the most significant principles of metaphysics, i.e. the principle of diversity. Having embraced the diversity in unity in his Tashkik theory of being, Mulla Sadra was able to explain many philosophical principles, including the principle of causality. Tashkik means that the difference among similar things spins over the very similarity shared by them, for example sunlight and moonlight, firelight, candlelight, gaslight lamplight and searchlight, all are light but their difference is in the very light that in one case is weak but strong in another; so is existence. After having embraced the theory of individality of being and having thus changed his view on ontology, Mulla Sadra had no choice, to justify the common principle of causality and the relation of Allah as the first cause with all creatures as His effects, but to borrow the theophany theory from the Islamic mysticism and propose it to his metaphysics. Allah Almighty, according to this theory, has manifested Himself, via His own expansive existence that includes the whole creatures, in different sorts of manifestations and theophanies.Mulla Sadra has thus reduced the principle of causality from ontology to theophany. Such a theory can only be considered as a mystical approach to causality.