Analysis of handwriting problems type and frequency in Persian alphabet by elementary school students

Current study designed to investigate type of handwriting problems in elementary school as well as their frequency. In addition the effects of intervention was assessed by intervention package. Survey method for estimation of frequency and Quasi experimental design (pretest-post test without control group) was designed. Three hundred students (150 male, & 150 female) was selected by means of cluster sampling methods. A reading inventory developed by research and alphabet cards were developed to assess reading problems. To analyses data descriptive statistics (e.g. frequency of problem), and inferential statistics were used U-Mann Whitney – u test was used. Results indicated that most participants had problems in dis torms (Jee, Chee, Hea, Kha, Sad, Zad, Ta-Za, Ain-Ghayn, Fa, and Ghai) most of the problems in graphic were associated by distortions and deforming of the letters. These problems have been observed in male and female students. However, male students (α = 11/52) had more problems than female students. The least amount of the problems were associated with third kind of problem that is omission of one or severed dots. Among different types of distortions. Letter distortion was the highest, and reversing letters were pat in the priority. It is worthy to mention that follow up test after a month indicated that the effect of intervention was maintained the effect of reduction of error and its maintenance were higher in left hand individuals.