فصلنامه ناتوانی های یادگیری
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 48، پاییز 1402)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of assertiveness training on improving self-esteem and cognitive emotion regulation in children with special learning disabilities. This research was semi-experimental study, including pretest- posttest with control group. The statistical population of the present study included all children aged 8 to 12 years with learning disabilities in Ardabil in 2023. Among them, 40 children were selected using convenience sampling method and placed randomly in experimental (n=20) and control group (n=20). Subjects were measured by emotion regulation questionnaire (2002) and Cooper Smith Self-esteem Questionnaire (1967). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions (45 minutes) of assertiveness training and the control group didn’t receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA). The results indicated that assertiveness training significantly improve self-esteem and cognitive emotion regulation in children with special learning disabilities (P<0/05). The results showed that assertiveness training can be considered as an effective way to improve self- esteem and cognitive emotion regulation of children with learning disabilities. Therefore, child psychologists and specialists can use assertiveness training to reduce the psychological problems of these children.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Transcranial direct current stimulation on attention and working memory of students with dyslexia. The method of this research was a semi-experimental type of pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all dyslexic children who referred to the learning disorders center in Ardabil city in 2022. The sample of the present study was 20 people from the above statistical population who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental (20: n) and control (20: n) groups. In order to collect data in the pre-test and post-test stages, the scale of the second version of continuous performance test and N-back working memory test was used. The experimental group received the tDCS protocol for 10 weeks every week, 2 sessions of 20 minutes each session, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results of covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference in attention and working memory between dyslexic and normal children (P<0.05). Considering the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation, this technique may actually be a neurobiologically based, low-cost and easy treatment option with long-term effects for children and adolescents with dyslexia.

Learning disabilities, is a generic term for a wide range of learning difficulties unrelated to intelligence or academic motivation. The present research was conducted with the meta-analysis method and with the aim of combining the researches conducted in the field of corrective methods on various learning disorders. The statistical population of the present meta-analysis was the available researches related to corrective methods on learning disorders that were found in the computer databases available in Iran between 1385 and 1401, such as the Academic Jihad Scientific Database , Noor Specialized Journals Database,the information bank of the country's publications, the comprehensive portal of humanities, and the Research Institute of Information Science and Technology of Iran have been published. In this research, Hedges g effect size index was used as a common scale. The results of the analysis conducted by the second version of CMA software showed that the combined effect size of the effectiveness of corrective methods on learning disorders was 1.80 and after separating into multiple antecedent and outcome variables, the combined effect size on reading learning disorder was 17. 1, it was 1.26 on writing disorder and 1.19 on math disorder respectively, all of which were statistically significant (p≤0.001). Therefore, based on the size of the obtained effects, it can be stated that corrective methods have a positive effect on all types of classes of learning disorders.

The present study examined the effect of communication skills training on family adaptability/cohesion and coping strategies in parents of female students with learning disabilities. The current research method was a pre-test-post-test experiment with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all parents of female students of the first period of high school with learning disabilities in the academic year of 2022-2023 in Ardabil city. For this purpose, the 30 parents of students with learning disabilities, according to the criteria of entering the research, were selected by the purposeful sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). After conducting the pre-test using the Olson, Roussel, and Sprinkle family adaptability/cohesion assessment scale and the Billings and Moss coping strategies questionnaire, the experimental group received eight sessions (two sessions per week) of 75 minutes of the communication skills training program. At the same time, the control group did not receive any intervention program. The data were analyzed using SPSS.26 software and multivariate covariance analysis method. The results showed that communication skills training caused a significant difference between family adaptability/cohesion and coping strategies in parents of female students with learning disabilities. In other words, the effect of communication skills training in the experimental group has increased family adaptability/cohesion and coping strategies in parents of students with learning disabilities (P≤0.05). Therefore, it can be said that this application can be used to help parents and female students with learning disabilities

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of enriching family relationships (with parents' participation) on social skills and alexithymia of students with specific learning disorders.

The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the students with specific learning disorder who had referred to the learning disorder center in Ardabil city in 2022. Among them, 30 students with specific learning disorders and their parents were selected as samples through available sampling and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the educational package of enrichment of family relationships but the control group did not receive any intervention during the implementation of the intervention. Before and after the implementation of the intervention, the students responded to Matson's social skills (1983) and Toronto's alexithymia scales (2006). Analysis of the obtained data was done through multivariate covariance analysis by using SPSS-26 software.

The results showed a significant increase in the mean of social skills and a decrease in the mean of alexithymia of the experimental group after the implementation of the intervention. Also, the mean of social skills and alexithymia in the experimental and control groups were significantly different

It can be concluded that the implementation of the family relationship enrichment package has an effective role in improving social skills as well as reducing the problems of emotional inadequacy and symptoms of alexithymia, so the use of this package is recommended for children with special learning disorder.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the academic resilience training program on the academic self-efficacy and motivational structure of students with specific learning disabilities.

Methods & Materials: 

The research method was a semi-experimental type with an experimental-control group and a follow-up phase. The statistical population of this research included fourth, fifth, and sixth-grade students with specific learning disabilities who were referred to Tabriz City Disorders Center in the academic year of 1402-1401. The sample size including 32 people (experimental group 16 people, control group 16 people) were replaced as available. The experimental group was trained in academic resilience and the intervention was implemented for 10 group sessions for 60 minutes on the experimental group. This was while the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools included McIlroy and Bunting's academic self-efficacy scale and Cox and Klinger's motivational structure questionnaire (PCI). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28 software and multivariate analysis of variance (repeated measurement).

The results of multivariate analysis of variance (repeated measurement) showed that the educational resilience training package intervention significantly affected the academic self-efficacy and motivational structure of students with special learning disorders in the post-test and follow-up stages.

The findings of this research provide helpful information regarding the academic resilience program, and psychologists and counselors can use this educational package to improve academic self-efficacy and motivational structure in students with specific learning disabilities.