Designing of a Critical Thinking Pattern Based on Vigotsky's Constructionist Theory and its Impact on Students' Critical Thinking

The purpose of this study was to design a critical thinking pattern based on Vygotsky's constructivist theory and its impact on critical thinking of students. In this study, two methods of qualitative and semi-experimental content analysis with pre-test and post-test design with control group were used. The Watson-Glazer Critical Thinking Test was used to study the effect of Critical Thinking Education based on Vygotsky’s constructivist theory on critical thinking of students. Statistical population of this study included all articles that could be downloaded through reputable databases and also all female Fifth grade students studying in elementary schools in Tehran during the academic year 2016-2017. In this research, 34 articles have been selected through targeted sampling and by using random cluster sampling, 66 students were selected as sample size. The findings indicate that according to the content analysis, three classes of teacher role, learner's role and role of knowledge were obtained as a result of further analysis on the inferences obtained in all three classes, the components of the model were obtained which is presented in the model. The results also showed that the experimental group, in comparison with the control on average, in the critical thinking test, they earned 23.7 points, This difference is significant at 1% level. The proposed educational model has the effectiveness of teaching critical thinking to students, and it increases the students' critical thinking.