Manipulating the pathway for the synthesis of carotenoids to improve the quality of food products through biotechnology

The pathway for the synthesis of carotenoids is now well known, but the findings about the regulation of this path are almost limited. Along with the role of pigmentary and essential carotenoids in plants, these compounds also play an important role in human health. Given that the human body does not synthesize carotenoids, it is dependent on carotenoids derived from the diet to produce retinoids such as retinal (important eye pigmentation), retinol (vitamin A), and retinoic acid (the main controller of morphogenesis The main source of retinoids is B-carotene, which is also called vitamin A, and the lack of that night causes blindness and blindness. Recent research has focused on manipulating the content of carotenoids and plant product compounds to increase their nutritional value. Although all known genes in the biosynthesis of carotenoids are encoded by the nucleus of the nucleus, all of the carotenoid pigments and their associated enzymes are in the plastids. Among the encoding genes of carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes, PSY, the catalyst for the first phase of the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids, is of particular importance. Given the global scarcity of vitamin A deficiency and its harmful effects on human health, and in particular children, scientists have focused on increasing the levels of carotenoids in ornamental plants.