Solutions for increasing and producing recombinant insulin (IGF-1) in plants through genetic engineering

Recently, insulin-dependent diabetes has been the third largest cause of death in industrialized countries after cardiovascular disease and cancer. Insulin injections or insulin-like proteins, such as IGF-1, are the most important treatment for this condition. Given the increasing trend of this disease, conventional methods will not respond to the growing need for these types of proteins. Therefore, the development of new techniques for producing these proteins at higher and higher quality levels is of great importance. Currently, these proteins are produced more in bacterial and yeast systems, but because of the problems that these systems have and also for greater safety and high capacity production, the use of plant systems is recommended. The benefits of producing recombinant proteins in plants, such as processing and making changes after proper translation, are the lack of endotoxins in the bacteria. The use of transgenic plants as suitable expression systems for the production of large-scale recombinant proteins and commercial levels can greatly reduce its cost of production. The production of pharmaceutical proteins in plants has made significant advances in the laboratory and pharmaceutical industry. Types of valuable proteins, including human serum proteins, growth regulators, antibodies, vaccines, industrial enzymes, are effectively expressed in plants.